catastrophism, uniformitarianism, relative age, absolute age, law of superposition, unconformity, law of crosscutting relationships, varves, radiometric dating, isotopes, decay, half-life, era, period, epoch, Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, mass extinction, Cenozoic, continental drift, mid-ocean ridge, sea-floor spreading, paleomagnetism, plate tectonics, lithosphere, asthenosphere, divergent, convergent, transform, rifting, terrane, supercontinent cycle, Pangaea, Laurasia, Gondwanaland, subduction, trench, convection